22.4. 特定語言的語系設定
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## 22.4. 特定語言的語系設定

This section provides configuration examples for localizing a FreeBSD system for the Russian language. It then provides some additional resources for localizing other languages.

### 22.4.1. 俄語 (KOI8-R 編碼)

Originally contributed by Andrey Chernov.

This section shows the specific settings needed to localize a FreeBSD system for the Russian language. Refer to Using Localization for a more complete description of each type of setting.

To set this locale for the login shell, add the following lines to each user's `~/.login_conf`:

    me:My Account:\
    	:charset=KOI8-R:\
    	:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:

To configure the console, add the following lines to `/etc/rc.conf`:

    keymap="ru.koi8-r"
    scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866"
    font8x16="cp866b-8x16"
    font8x14="cp866-8x14"
    font8x8="cp866-8x8"
    mousechar_start=3

For each `ttyv` entry in `/etc/ttys`, use `cons25r` as the terminal type.

To configure printing, a special output filter is needed to convert from KOI8-R to CP866 since most printers with Russian characters come with hardware code page CP866. FreeBSD includes a default filter for this purpose, `/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt`. To use this filter, add this entry to `/etc/printcap`:

    lp|Russian local line printer:\
    	:sh:of=/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt:\
    	:lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/output/lpd:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:

Refer to printcap(5) for a more detailed explanation.

To configure support for Russian filenames in mounted MS-DOS® file systems, include `-L` and the locale name when adding an entry to `/etc/fstab`:

    /dev/ad0s2      /dos/c  msdos   rw,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0

Refer to mount_msdosfs(8) for more details.

To configure Russian fonts for Xorg, install the x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic package. Then, check the `"Files"` section in `/etc/X11/xorg.conf`. The following line must be added before any other `FontPath` entries:

    FontPath   "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic"

Additional Cyrillic fonts are available in the Ports Collection.

To activate a Russian keyboard, add the following to the `"Keyboard"` section of `/etc/xorg.conf`:

    Option "XkbLayout"   "us,ru"
    Option "XkbOptions"  "grp:toggle"

Make sure that `XkbDisable` is commented out in that file.

For `grp:toggle` use Right Alt, for `grp:ctrl_shift_toggle` use Ctrl+Shift. For `grp:caps_toggle` use CapsLock. The old CapsLock function is still available in LAT mode only using Shift+CapsLock. `grp:caps_toggle` does not work in Xorg for some unknown reason.

If the keyboard has “Windows®” keys, and some non-alphabetical keys are mapped incorrectly, add the following line to `/etc/xorg.conf`:

    Option "XkbVariant" ",winkeys"

### 注意:

The Russian XKB keyboard may not work with non-localized applications. Minimally localized applications should call a `XtSetLanguageProc (NULL, NULL, NULL);` function early in the program.

See `http://koi8.pp.ru/xwin.html` for more instructions on localizing Xorg applications. For more general information about KOI8-R encoding, refer to `http://koi8.pp.ru/`.

### 22.4.2. 其他特定語言資源

This section lists some additional resources for configuring other locales.

Traditional Chinese for Taiwan

  The FreeBSD-Taiwan Project has a Chinese HOWTO for FreeBSD at `http://netlab.cse.yzu.edu.tw/~statue/freebsd/zh-tut/`.

Greek Language Localization

  A complete article on Greek support in FreeBSD is available here, in Greek only, as part of the official FreeBSD Greek documentation.

Japanese and Korean Language Localization

  For Japanese, refer to `http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/`, and for Korean, refer to `http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/`.

Non-English FreeBSD Documentation

  Some FreeBSD contributors have translated parts of the FreeBSD documentation to other languages. They are available through links on the FreeBSD web site or in `/usr/share/doc`.

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